Universal Publication Index e-Library
type: channel
language: en-US
publication name: Universal Publication Index e-Library
items: Towards Strengthening HIV Case Detection and Management: A Review of The Role of Oral Healthcare and Enhanced Laboratory Diagnostics
items: Eradicating the Enemy Within: A Narrative Review of Malaria Elimination Strategies and Future Pathways in Nigeria
items: The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review
items: Oral Immediate-Release Nifedipine Versus Intravenous Hydralazine for Controlling Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial
items: Consealing Amputation- A Case Report on Finger Prosthesis
items: Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Inpatients at Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital
items: Effects of Alcoholic Extract Nigella Sativa on Blood Clotting Markers in Male Rats Models with F2 G20210A Mutation
items: The Biochemistry, Physiology, And Clinical Significance of Haptoglobin: A Review
items: Integrative Role of Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing in Post-Surgical Recovery of Hip Fracture: A Case Report
items: Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review Article
items: Physical, Chemical, and Industrial Properties of Copper Nanoparticles: A Review
items: Effectiveness of Dietary Control on The Severity and Frequency of Asthmatic Attacks
items: A Review on The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics
items: Physical, Chemical, And Therapeutic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review
items: Association Of IL-4 Gene Polymorphism with Serum Ige And Eosinophil Levels in Asthma Patients
items: Association Between IL-6 And Oral Tissue Responses in Patients Wearing Dental Prostheses
items: The Synergistic Role Of IL-8 And Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in The Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
items: The Biochemical, Physiological, And Clinical Importance of Ceruloplasmin: A Review
items: Speedy Recovery from Transverse Myelitis through Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing as Complementary Therapy: A Case Study
items: Influence of Individual Factors on The Utilization of Dental Services Among Patients Attending Public Health Facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
items: Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Direct Pulp-Capping Materials: A Comparison of Calcium Silicate-Based and Calcium Hydroxide Based Approaches (A Review)
items: Evaluation Of IL-6 And IL-8 In the Saliva of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus After Tooth Extraction
items: Clinical Advantages and Negative Consequences of Dental Veneers: A Review
items: Vaccination and Its Effects on Long COVID-19 Prevalence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes: A Literature Review
items: The Impact of Sex Hormones on Physiological Alterations and Severity of Asthma
items: Association Between Stress Hormones and Menopausal Symptoms in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women
items: Bacterial Biofilm Virulence on Hospital Plastic Surfaces: Mechanistic Insights, Persistence Drivers, and Infection Control Challenges
items: Histological Changes of Skin Induced with Psoriasis and Treated with Aloe Vera Gel in Rats
items: A Case Series of Different Dermatological Adverse Drug Reactions Attending the Medical Oncology Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital Eastern India
items: Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Hypothyroidism and Compared with Healthy Control Group in Baquba Teaching Hospital
items: The Classification of Carbapenemase Genes and Their Role in Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review
items: Detection of Blandm And Blaoxa-23 Genes in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Sputum Samples of Iraqi Patients
items: Treatment and Incidence Rate of Tuberculosis in Diyala Province
items: Histological Alterations, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches of Colorectal Cancer: A Review Article
items: Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Orofacial Trauma and Mouthguard Awareness Among Youth Water Polo Players
items: Comparative Study of frozen Section with Histopathology of Primary Site in OSCC
items: Lung Cancer Detection and Diagnosis in Babylon Governorate by Gender and Age Group
items: Epigenetic Regulation and Metabolic Adaptation in the Emergence of Multidrug Resistance Among Clinically Significant Gram-Negative Pathogen
items: Adequacy of Radiographic Reportage in Endodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Review from a Teaching Hospital in Southwest Nigeria
items: Evaluation of Erosive Durability in Dental Microchannels Sealed Using Various Sensitivity-Reducing Agents
items: Knowledge Levels Regarding Urgent Health Situations and Readiness Among Predoctoral Oral Health Trainees at an Advanced Care Center in West Africa
items: The Utility of Serum CD152 Concentration as a Differential Biomarker in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
items: Incidence of Injuries in Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar. Prospective Study
items: Epitranscriptomic Remodeling of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA Marks in CRISPR-Edited Genomes: Emerging Implications for Off-Target Genetic Instability and Precision Gene Therapy
items: Efficiency and Stability of Gummy Smile Correction Using a Minimally Invasive Technique
items: Association of Hormonal Profiles with Menopausal Symptoms in Women Following Hysterectomy
items: The Association of rs1042522 and rs3088440 Polymorphisms with CA125, IFN-γ, and IL-10 Levels in Cervical Cancer and Genital Warts Patients
items: Nutritional Rickets in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria: Investigating the Roles of Calcium and Vitamin D
items: The Biochemical Features, Physiological Actions, And Clinical Importance of Procalcitonin: A Review
items: Evaluation of New Biomarkers in The Diagnosis of Herpes Zoster Infections
items: Engineering-Based Technological Transformation in Dentistry and Endodontics and its Impact on Türkiye's Competitiveness in the Health Tourism Market
items: Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Single Curvature Canals
items: Suboptimal Antenatal Care in Resource – limited Settings and Quality Improvement Strategies as Perceived by midwives in Awka – South LGA in Anambra State Nigeria.
items: Comparative Evaluation of Minimally Invasive and Conventional Access on The Biofilm Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis From the Root Canal System
items: Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing in Post-Bypass Surgery Recovery with Complications of Epiglottis Flap Dysfunction and Infected Vein-Harvest Wound: A Case Report
items: Contact Angle Measurement and Wettability of TiO2 and ZrO2 Nano Composite Coated on cpTi
items: The Biochemistry, Physiological Actions and Clinical Importance of Dopamine: A Review

Towards Strengthening HIV Case Detection and Management: A Review of The Role of Oral Healthcare and Enhanced Laboratory Diagnostics
type: item
description: An estimated 84.2 million people have suffered the disease since its discovery. Although the number of new cases decreased by 32% since 2010, it is most prevalent in Africa 68% [25.7 million], resulting in approximately 470,000 AIDS-related deaths with Nigeria having the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the region and the second highest globally. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have emerged as indispensable tools for point-of-care testing, providing quick results with minimal infrastructure requirements. Dentists play a critical role in the early detection of HIV, as they are in a unique position to identify oral manifestations associated with the infection. The oral cavity is frequently the first site where symptoms of HIV appear, often even before individuals are aware of their serostatus. Dentists have a responsibility to be aware of the oral manifestations of HIV and to consider HIV infection in the differential diagnosis of these conditions. Additionally, dentists can play a proactive role in HIV screening by offering rapid HIV testing services in their dental. With recent findings demonstrating the high transmissibility of HIV early in infection, and the potential benefit of early initiation of treatment, it is essential to identify as many infected individuals as possible. HIV testing is the key part of diagnosis and prevention efforts hence the need for synergy between oral health practitioners and laboratory diagnostic experts in bridging the gap of diagnosis and prevention among healthcare professionals.
creator: Promise Udohchukwu Okereke (BDS)
creator: Chukwuma Franklin Ozioma
creator: Obumneme Wisdom Okereke (BDS)
creator: Emmanuel Elebesunu (BMLS)
creator: Babatunde Ismail Bale (DOpt)
creator: Chimeremeze Offurum (BDS)
creator: Immanuel Azubuike (BMLS)
creator: Ogechi Grace Okoli (MBBS)
creator: Obinna Ikegwuonu
creator: Anthony Chukwuebuka Okeke (MBBS)
creator: Obidike Ezije Chidiogo (BDS)
creator: Mmesoma F. Umeh (B.Pharm)
creator: Chukwuemeka Victor Umeh
creator: Perfectus C. Obodo (BDS)
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Promise Udohchukwu Okereke (BDS), Chukwuma Franklin Ozioma, Obumneme Wisdom Okereke (BDS), Emmanuel Elebesunu (BMLS), Babatunde Ismail Bale (DOpt), Chimeremeze Offurum (BDS), Immanuel Azubuike (BMLS), Ogechi Grace Okoli (MBBS), Obinna Ikegwuonu, Anthony Chukwuebuka Okeke (MBBS), Obidike Ezije Chidiogo (BDS), Mmesoma F. Umeh (B.Pharm), Chukwuemeka Victor Umeh, Perfectus C. Obodo (BDS) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-06
publication date: 2026-04-06
starting page: 11
ending page: 16

Eradicating the Enemy Within: A Narrative Review of Malaria Elimination Strategies and Future Pathways in Nigeria
type: item
description: Despite decades of coordinated national and international effort, the elimination targets embedded in the National Malaria Strategic Plan 2021 to 2025 remain substantially unmet, exposing a persistent and deeply rooted gap between the demonstrated efficacy of available tools and their real-world programmatic impact. This narrative review critically synthesises current evidence on both established and emerging malaria elimination strategies in Nigeria, examining the implementation landscape across six interrelated domains: vector control, case management and chemoprevention, diagnostic accuracy, malaria vaccination, mobile health surveillance, and genetic vector control. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE, supplemented by grey literature from the World Health Organization, the National Malaria Elimination Programme, and Gavi, with priority given to publications from 2015 to 2025. The review finds that existing tools, including long-lasting insecticide treated nets, artemisinin-based combination therapies, seasonal malaria chemoprevention, and indoor residual spraying, have produced measurable but insufficient reductions in burden, constrained by insecticide resistance, low utilisation rates, supply chain fragility, and weak diagnostic infrastructure. Inaccuracies in rapid diagnostic test performance substantially drive misdiagnosis and fuel antimalarial resistance in Nigeria, with deletions in the hrp2 and hrp3 genes of Plasmodium falciparum emerging as a particularly consequential threat to the reliability of frontline testing. The December 2024 rollout of the R21/Matrix-M vaccine in Bayelsa and Kebbi States represents a historic national milestone, though implementation barriers encompassing vaccine hesitancy, cold chain limitations, health workforce gaps, and the complexity of the four-dose schedule demand systematic and urgent responses. The overarching finding of this review is that no single…
creator: Promise U. OKEREKE
creator: Dorcas A. ADENIYI
creator: Mulikat T. ADEDEJI
creator: Sheriff O. AKINOLA
creator: Wisdom O. OKEREKE
creator: Chukwuma F. OZIOMA
creator: Ogechi G. OKOLI
creator: Chikamso O. Chibueze
creator: Nzubechukwu OGAMBA
creator: Collins U. UCHE
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Promise U. OKEREKE, Dorcas A. ADENIYI, Mulikat T. ADEDEJI, Sheriff O. AKINOLA, Wisdom O. OKEREKE, Chukwuma F. OZIOMA, Ogechi G. OKOLI, Chikamso O. Chibueze, Nzubechukwu OGAMBA, Collins U. UCHE https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: 66
ending page: 77

The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Background: Prolonged orthodontic treatments pose risks like root resorption and periodontal issues. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), rich in growth factors, has been proposed as a non-invasive adjunct to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Objectives: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate existing research on the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the field of orthodontics Material and Methods A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024535223). Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and others. Studies involving PRP use in orthodontics were included. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and SYRCLE tools. Due to study heterogeneity, only qualitative synthesis was performed. Results Human trials consistently reported an increased rate of canine retraction or space closure on the PRP-treated side, with acceleration ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 times compared to controls. Animal studies, while supporting PRP’s stimulatory effects on bone resorption and osteoclastic activity, revealed variability based on species, PRP preparation methods, and study design. Despite promising histological and clinical findings, heterogeneity across studies limited the ability to draw definitive conclusions Conclusion Eight human and six animal studies were analysed. While some reported increased OTM with PRP, findings were inconsistent due to varied protocols and outcome measures. More standardized clinical trials are needed to validate PRP’s role in orthodontics.
creator: Arushi Malhotra
creator: Sanjay Mittal
creator: Isha Aggarwal
creator: Merry
creator: Pallavi Vishavkarma
creator: Shaina Goyal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arushi Malhotra, Sanjay Mittal, Isha Aggarwal, Merry, Pallavi Vishavkarma, Shaina Goyal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-07
publication date: 2026-04-07
starting page: 17
ending page: 25

Oral Immediate-Release Nifedipine Versus Intravenous Hydralazine for Controlling Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Double-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial
type: item
description: Background: A significant gap exists in understanding the efficacy and safety of oral immediate-release nifedipine and intravenous hydralazine in the control of severe hypertension in pregnancy within the context of randomised control trials. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of oral immediate-release nifedipine and intravenous hydralazine for controlling severe hypertension in pregnancy. Methods: Randomised, double-blind, 2-arm, single center non-inferiority trial in pregnant women with confirmed severe hypertension in pregnancy who were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral immediate-release Nifedipine (n=35) or intravenous hydralazine (n=35) was done from 20th June 2019 to 20th December, 2019. The primary outcome was the mean time required to achieve target blood pressure. Secondary outcomes included the mean number of anti-hypertensive doses needed, proportions requiring crossover or rescue therapy, frequency of maternal side effects, fetal heart rate abnormalities, maternal complications, neonatal birth asphyxia, and mode of delivery. Results: The baseline socio-demographic parameters were similar between the two groups. The mean durations taken to reach the target blood pressure for patients that received oral immediate-release nifedipine versus intravenous hydralazine were 48.29min±31.95 and 41.20min±26.98 respectively (P=0.320). The mean dose used before target blood pressure was reached, the proportion of participants that crossed over to another treatment allocation, and the proportion that required a rescue anti-hypertensive (labetalol) to achieve the target blood pressure were similar between the two groups (P >0.05). None of the participants that received oral immediate-release nifedipine had maternal or neonatal side effect while one participant (2.9%) that received intravenous hydralazine had nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Oral immediate-release nifedipine is as effective as intravenous hydralazine in controlling severe hypertension…
creator: Ayodele Obianuju Okwuosa
creator: George Uchenna Eleje
creator: Okechukwu Christian Ikpeze
creator: Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu
creator: Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala
creator: Golibe Christian Ikpeze
creator: Ifeanyi Ogochukwu Okonkwo
creator: Hillary Ikechukwu Obiagwu
creator: Odigonma Zinobia Ikpeze
creator: Ifeanyichukwu Jude Ofor
creator: Emeka Philip Igbodike
creator: Joseph Odirichukwu Ugboaja
creator: Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi
creator: Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro
creator: Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor
creator: Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle
creator: Chukwunonso Isaiah Enechukwu
creator: Lazarus Ugochukwu Okafor
creator: Osita Samuel Umeononihu
creator: Zebulon Chiawolamoke Okechukwu
creator: Chukwudubem Chinagorom Onyejiaka
creator: Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe
creator: Adanna Vivian Egwim
creator: Chukwunwendu Aloysius Okeke
creator: Johnbosco Emmanuel Mamah
creator: Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu
creator: Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ayodele Obianuju Okwuosa, George Uchenna Eleje, Okechukwu Christian Ikpeze, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu, Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala, Golibe Christian Ikpeze, Ifeanyi Ogochukwu Okonkwo, Hillary Ikechukwu Obiagwu, Odigonma Zinobia Ikpeze, Ifeanyichukwu Jude Ofor, Emeka Philip Igbodike, Joseph Odirichukwu Ugboaja, Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi, Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro, Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor, Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle, Chukwunonso Isaiah Enechukwu, Lazarus Ugochukwu Okafor, Osita Samuel Umeononihu, Zebulon Chiawolamoke Okechukwu, Chukwudubem Chinagorom Onyejiaka, Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe, Adanna Vivian Egwim, Chukwunwendu Aloysius Okeke, Johnbosco Emmanuel Mamah, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu, Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 67
ending page: 77

Consealing Amputation- A Case Report on Finger Prosthesis
type: item
description: Fingertip amputations, particularly involving the distal phalanges, represent a common yet debilitating form of hand injury that severely impacts manual function, aesthetics, and psychosocial well-being. One growing cause of such injuries is trauma from motorcycle spoke wheels during improper cleaning practices. This case report outlines the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 23-year-old male patient with an Allen’s Level IV partial amputation of the left index finger. A novel approach tired hereby incorporating fiber reinforced glass tape during the prosthesis fabrication process to enhance structural strength, achieve aesthetic realism, and ensure functional retention post-insertion. This highlights the value of customized silicone finger prostheses as a viable non-invasive solution for restoring aesthetics and basic hand function in patients averse to surgical options.
creator: Vinoth kumar. J
creator: Sriramaprabu. G
creator: Vinayagavel. K
creator: Filomeena. I
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
starting page: 01
ending page: 06

Investigation of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from Inpatients at Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, phenotypic characteristics, molecular identification, and antibiotic resistance pattern of both of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in inpatients at Al-Nasiriyah Teaching Hospital, Iraq. A total of 150 clinical specimens were obtained and processed for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae isolation using typical microbiological, PCR and DNA sequencing techniques. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by using VITEK-2. The results revealed a 23% (35/150) prevalence of A. baumannii, and the same ratio for K. pneumoniae was identified and diagnosed; however, the remaining gram-negative isolates represented 54%. PCR confirmed these isolates as A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae using specific primers. The antibiogram profile revealed high susceptibility to tigecycline (94.3%) by all of our tested isolates. There was a high prevalence of multidrug resistance among both species, with A. baumannii demonstrating complete resistance to several key antibiotics. Sample-type-specific patterns were also identified. Both bacterial species can be classified as MDR. The significant burden of MDR and XDR profiles among A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae in these inpatient samples emphasizes the need for optimized experimental therapy and rigorous administration in Thi-Qar.
creator: Haider Sabah Abdulhusein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
starting page: 14
ending page: 24

Effects of Alcoholic Extract Nigella Sativa on Blood Clotting Markers in Male Rats Models with F2 G20210A Mutation
type: item
description: Despite its well-documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, there are no sufficient data exists regarding duration of Nigella sativa effects on blood coagulation. This experiment observed the effects of a sixty-day oral intoxication of alcoholic Nigella sativa extract on four key hemostatic indicators—prothrombin time, fibrinogen, D-dimer and platelet count—with respect to the veins of normal male rats treated or otherwise and rats carrying the F2 G20210A mutation as a model of increased thrombotic risk. Thirty mature male rats were divided into three groups: control, normal rats treated with N. sativa extract, and rats crossing the G20210A mutation into their genome and therefore in theory at higher risk of thrombosis. After 60 days of treatment, blood was taken for coagulant analysis. The treated normotensive rats displayed a significant prolongation of PT and reductions in fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, pointing to an anticoagulant action of the extract. However, the group disadvantaged by the mutation presented with smaller PT, greater fibrinogen, higher D-dimer and peaked platelet levels, thus manifesting a hypercoagulative profile. The results generally indicate that long-term exposure to alcoholic Nigella sativa may to some extent influence coagulation in such a way as to lessen the tendency toward clot formation and that when there is a prothrombin gene mutation present, a strong prothrombotic condition still prevails. Altogether, these results emphasize the potential of Nigella sativa to act as a natural modulator of coagulation, particularly in the absence of genetically derived hypercoagulable circumstances.
creator: Zainab Tawfeeq Al- Joubouri
creator: Sadeq Mohammad Jaafar almosawi
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-07
publication date: 2026-02-07
starting page: 25
ending page: 32

The Biochemistry, Physiology, And Clinical Significance of Haptoglobin: A Review
type: item
description: Haptoglobin is a plasma glycoprotein and one of the major acute phase proteins, which is involved in physiological homeostasis, especially in inflammatory states and during haemolysis. Haptoglobin is highly polymorphic at the genetic level in biochemical terms, and for this reason it displays structural and functional variations, which impact on its antioxidant potential and haemoglobin (Hb)-binding capability. In the physiological perspective, haptoglobin prevents tissues from hemoglobin-induced oxidative injury by stably binding to free hemoglobin and aiding its clearance via macrophage scavenger receptors. Furthermore, it is involved in iron homeostasis, vessel integrity and modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinically, haptoglobin is commonly used as a marker for intravascular hemolysis and systemic inflammation, but there is increasing evidence that it also has significance in cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, hepatic insufficiency and cancer. Changes in haptoglobin levels and glycosylation varieties have been correlated with disease severity and prognosis, indicating its potential value in diagnosis and prognostication. Although it is not disease specific, the interpretation of measurements of haptoglobin processing clinically have improved with modern molecular biology and proteomic techniques. This review describes the biochemistry, physiology and pathophysiological relevance of haptoglobin in health and disease, highlighting its diverse roles: focusing on new areas that it has found applications, particularly in biomedical research and clinical care.
creator: Rana Hasan Albuissa
creator: Noor Majeed Abdulhasan
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-14
publication date: 2026-01-14
starting page: 33
ending page: 40

Integrative Role of Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing in Post-Surgical Recovery of Hip Fracture: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly populations, often requiring surgical intervention and prolonged rehabilitation. Integrative approaches, including energy-based healing systems such as Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV), have shown promise in enhancing recovery outcomes. Objective: To document the recovery of a 78-year-old female patient with a left neck of femur fracture following 3 falls on 7 November 2025, and started receiving YPV healing alongside conventional medical management. Methods: The patient, diagnosed on 8 November 2025, underwent hip surgery on 10 November 2025. No neurological causes of falls were observed during investigations. On patient’s request, YPV healing sessions were initiated by a Certified Healer immediately after fallings on 7 November and continued until 10 December 2025. Healing protocols included psychotherapy, cleansing and energizing specific affected chakras, strengthening the spine, and daily affirmations. Sessions were frequent in the initial phase (every three hours for three days), gradually tapering as recovery progressed. Results: Post-surgery, the patient reported reduced pain, improved mobility, and faster-than-expected rehabilitation. By 5 December 2025, i.e., within 25 days after surgery, she was walking without support, and by 15 December 2025, she resumed normal activities including attending social functions. Physiotherapy outcomes were positive, with enhanced mobility and reduced dependence on assistive devices. Conclusions: The integration of YPV healing with conventional medical care facilitated smooth recovery, improved patient confidence, and accelerated functional independence. This case highlights the potential of YPV as a complementary therapy in orthopaedic rehabilitation.
creator: Padma Srinivasu
creator: Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
starting page: 41
ending page: 44

Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review Article
type: item
description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induced tuberculosis (TB), is a severe public health problem world widely because of its intricate pathobiology and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Mtb possess a repertoire of virulence factors that can enable it to remain alive within cells, escape the immune system to form granulomas (multi-cellular aggregates), establish latency, and reactivate disease, which complicates the control and elimination of this disease. Concurrently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB has made conventional antimicrobial therapy dramatically less effective, with prolonged treatment durations and worse clinical outcomes. Resistance arises through chromosomal mutations, efflux pump-- mediated resistance, and by phenotypic drug tolerance as well as due to limited penetration of drugs across the hydrophobic mycobacterial cell wall. Advances in molecular diagnostics, whole genome surveillance and development of new therapies such as a few host-directed therapies and also the experimental anti-virulence strategies have lead to an improved understanding about TB pathogenesis and resistance dynamics too. This review highlights the emerging disease-causing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and offers an overview of currently growing sources of antimicrobial resistance and treatment management issues, seeking to steer possible future direction for TB control and management.
creator: Khudhur Raheem Obayes
creator: Rafif Aman Mahammed
creator: Fatima Omer Saber
creator: Ali A. Al- fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-21
publication date: 2026-01-21
starting page: 45
ending page: 52

Physical, Chemical, and Industrial Properties of Copper Nanoparticles: A Review
type: item
description: Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have attracted attention as versatile nanomaterials because of their unique physical, chemical and therapeutic properties quite different to those of bulk copper. Copper at the nanoscale possesses improved surface reactivity, redox activity and tunable optical and electrical properties that enable various technological and biomedical applications. This review includes a comprehensive summary of the physical aspects of CuNPs: size- and shape-dependent properties, crystallinity, optical response and thermal/electrical conductivities. Furthermore, the chemical properties of CuNPs including oxidation property, surface chemistry, catalytic activity and mechanisms associated with ROS generation and ion release were also reviewed in detail. Special consideration is given to the therapeutic role of CuNPs, including their anti-microbial/anti-viral activities, wound-healing properties, anti-cancer effects and drug-release applications. Tendencies and challenges for toxicology, biocompatibility and translation are also explored. In general, this review describes the most recent progress in CuNP research and provides future directions for the development of safe and effective therapeutic systems using CuNPs.
creator: Ruqaya Talib Kadhim
creator: Huda O. Saheb
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 53
ending page: 59

Effectiveness of Dietary Control on The Severity and Frequency of Asthmatic Attacks
type: item
description: Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with episodic, reversible airway obstruction leading to wheezing, breathlessness and cough that significantly affects quality of life and use of health care resources. Although medical therapy has improved, many patients have uncontrolled asthma. In recent years, lifestyle-related factors especially nutrition have been emerged as possible modifiable contributors to airway inflammation and asthma. Nevertheless, data on structured dietary management of asthma severity and frequency of attack are insufficient. Objectives: To assess the impact of dietary management on severity and frequency of asthmatic attacks among adult patients with bronchial asthma, and to determine strength of association between post-intervention outcomes and selected demographic variables. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design was conducted in a respiratory clinic. Three dozen adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma were included in the study and divided into the study group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The study group underwent a preset dietary control intervention combined with medical practice, while the control group received only medical care. The severity of asthma was evaluated based on ACT (a validated tool) to measure the number of asthmatic attacks in 1 month pre-test and post-test. Results: Asthma severity was significantly less and the number of asthmatic attacks were numerically fewer for the study group at post-test than pretest relative to BM adults (p 0.05). In addition, we found n association between post-test asthma severity and frequency with age and sex; but no correlation was detected with BMI. Conclusion: Diet control is effective in addition to the traditional asthma therapy for controlling asthma and most adults with asthma can get benefit from it. Including nutritional counseling as part of asthma standard treatment seems to impro…
creator: Bilal Najm Abed
creator: Irfan Abdulzahraa Ani
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 78
ending page: 86

A Review on The Glymphatic System and Meningeal Lymphatics
type: item
description: The maintenance of neuronal homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS) requires the efficient removal of metabolic waste products and neurotoxic proteins. Historically, the CNS was considered devoid of a conventional lymphatic system, relying solely on passive diffusion for solute clearance. This paradigm shifted with the identification of the glymphatic system, a macro-scale waste clearance pathway dependent on glial cells, and the subsequent rediscovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels lining the dural sinuses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the brain parenchyma via peri-arterial spaces, exchanging with interstitial fluid (ISF) mediated by aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels localized on astrocytic endfeet. This convective flux facilitates the washout of soluble proteins, including amyloid-beta and tau, directing them toward the meningeal lymphatic network for drainage into deep cervical lymph nodes. Physiological factors, primarily sleep and arterial pulsation, critically regulate this fluid transport, while aging and traumatic injury impair its efficacy. Disruption of this dual-component clearance axis contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. Delineating the molecular and anatomical architecture of these systems offers novel therapeutic targets for conditions characterized by accumulation of misfolded proteins and metabolic stagnation.
creator: Sree Lasya Tula
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-29
publication date: 2026-01-29
starting page: 87
ending page: 96

Physical, Chemical, And Therapeutic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review
type: item
description: Since their physical, chemical and therapeutic properties of noble nanometal deviate markedly from those at bulk scale, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become promising nano-substances. At the nanoscale, silver displays high surface reactivity, strongly plasmonic properties and modulable bio-, electro- and optical properties, thereby finding several applications in biomedicine and technology. The physical properties of AgNPs are reviewed in a well-documented science encompassing size- and shape-controlled effects, crystallinity, as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and thermal and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the chemical properties of AgNPs (ion release, redox activity, surface chemistry, and catalytic activity) and mechanisms linked to the generation of ROS are thoroughly addressed. Special attention is given to the therapeutic uses of AgNPs, such as antimicrobial, antiviral action and wound-healing activity especially those related to cancer treatment and drug-delivery. Issues concerning the toxicity, biocompatibility, environmental impact and clinical transfer to human are also discussed. Accordingly, this review focuses on the recent progression of AgNP studies and summarizes prospective for designing safe, effective, and clinically viable silver nanoparticle-related therapeutic systems.
creator: Muhaimin Haider Mahdi
creator: Rawaa Raheem Kareem
creator: Hawazen Fadhil Neamah
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 97
ending page: 103

Association Of IL-4 Gene Polymorphism with Serum Ige And Eosinophil Levels in Asthma Patients
type: item
description: Asthma represents a chronic airway inflammatory disease with a Th2-cell polarization as the major design of immune response, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) is pivotal in IgE production and eosinophilia. Polymorphisms in the IL-4 gene can alter an individual's susceptibility to asthma and its associated immunological markers. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between the genotypic distribution in 2 IL-4 gene polymorphic sites and the asthma IgE level and the peripheral eosinophil count. A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out at Al-Sadr Medical City, Najaf, Iraq from March to December 2025, that included 98 asthmatic patients who were diagnosed by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines and 52 healthy controls age- and sex-matched. Demographic and clinical information was obtained with the help of structured questionnaires. Serum total IgE were quantified by ELISA, eosinophils were determined with an automated hematology analyzer and the IL-4 gene polymorphism was investigated using PCR-RFLP. Serum IgE levels (310.6 ± 118.4 IU/mL vs. 142.3 ± 64.7 IU/mL, P < 0.002) and eosinophil counts (468.2 ±152.6 vs.286·9 _. 104.s cellsip1L, :P<0T03,) were significantly higher in asthmatics than in control subjects; The IL-4 T allele, and TC and TT genotypes were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in control individuals. In addition, the T allele and TT+TC genotype were significantly correlated with higher levels of IgE and eosinophilia in asthmatics. In summary, our results demonstrate that the IL-4 gene polymorphism is associated with asthmatic susceptibility and important immunological mechanisms of asthma such as total IgE production and eosinophilic inflammation. These findings reinforce the contribution of genetic variation at IL-4 to the immunopathogenesis of asthma, and propose that IL-4 might be useful as a genetic and immunological marker for both asthma susceptibility and phenotype stratification.
creator: Hadeel S. Hadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 112

Association Between IL-6 And Oral Tissue Responses in Patients Wearing Dental Prostheses
type: item
description: The oral mucosa of the dental prosthesis bearing areas are subjected to permanent stresses and it is a chronic infection which may lead to inflammatory conditions produced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of inflammation that participates in regulation and damage of mucosal immune, but little is known about its relevance to prosthesis-induced oral tissue changes. The objective of the current case–control study was to measure salivary levels of IL-6 in patients who wore dental prostheses and healthy controls and seek possible associations between IL-6 concentrations and clinical responses in oral tissues as mucosal erythema, mucosal edema, ulceration, or gingival inflammation. This cross-sectional study was performed in the Dental Clinics of Al-Najaf Center for Dentistry, Al-Najaf, Iraq from April 2024 to February 2025. A total of 120 subjects were included, which consisted of 66 denture wearers and 54 healthy systemically control individuals that were age and sex matched. Full-mouth clinical examinations were conducted to evaluate tissue alterations that were graded by the degree of severity. Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected in the morning under standardized conditions and analyzed with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) for IL-6 concentrations. Results Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 25, which included chi-square tests for categorical variables, independent-samples t-tests to compare the groups, one-way ANOVA (F-test) for subgroup comparisons and Pearson’s correlation in order to test the association between IL-6 levels and tissue response indices. It was also found that mean salivary IL-6 level of the prosthesis-wearing group was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.013). Statistically, a significant difference in mucosal erythema, ulcers, mucosa edema and the degree of gingival inflammation between patients and controls was found (p < 0.05). IL-6 levels…
creator: Rawaa Zaher Hassan Zwain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 113
ending page: 121

The Synergistic Role Of IL-8 And Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in The Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
type: item
description: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most frequently and globally emerged chronic bacterial infections and is strongly correlation with , peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastric malignancies. The host inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis, highlighting the need for reliable non-invasive biomarkers to aid diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic power of serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, individually and in combination, for the detection of H. pylori infection. A case–control study was conducted including 78 patients with confirmed H. pylori infection and 62 apparently healthy controls. Serum IL-8 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while CRP concentrations were determined by standard immunoturbidimetric methods. Differences between groups were assessed using independent samples t-tests, and the relationship between IL-8 and CRP was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to investigate the diagnostic performance of each biomarker. Patients with H. pylori infection exhibited significantly higher serum IL-8 levels (72.4 ± 18.6 pg/mL) compared with controls (58.1 ± 15.2 pg/mL; P < 0.02). Similarly, CRP concentrations were significantly elevated in patients (4.8 ± 1.6 pg/mL) relative to controls (3.6 ± 1.3 pg/mL; P < 0.04). A moderate positive correlation was observed between IL-8 and CRP levels (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that IL-8 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.78) compared to CRP (AUC = 0.71). At an optimal cut-off value of 65.0 pg/mL, IL-8 yielded a sensitivity of 74.4% and specificity of 71.0%. These findings indicate that both IL-8 and CRP are significantly associated with H. pylori infection and that their combined assessment may enhance diagnostic accuracy. The results support the potential role of IL-8 and CRP as complementary, non-invasi…
creator: Dhamyaa Obaid Shalgam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-31
publication date: 2026-01-31
starting page: 122
ending page: 129

The Biochemical, Physiological, And Clinical Importance of Ceruloplasmin: A Review
type: item
description: Ceruloplasmin is a glycoprotein multicopper oxidase and the main copper transport protein in humans. It is responsible for metal homeostasis, redox equilibrium, and inflammatory response in human plasma. It is produced mainly in the liver and acts as a ferroxidase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, enabling the transport of iron while reducing free radical formation from iron. In this way, ceruloplasmin participates in control of systemic iron homeostasis, antioxidant defense and tissue protection against oxidative damage. Furthermore, as a positive APPs itself, ceruloplasmin is considered the regulator of innate immune response and its circulating levels have been shown to raise during inflammation, infection and tissue injury. The clinical utility of ceruloplasmin testing is well established in the diagnosis and monitoring of disorders of copper metabolism, including Wilson’s disease, with emerging applications in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases as well as chronic inflammatory diseases. Changes in the concentration, enzymatic activity and molecular structure of ceruloplasmin correlate with disease severity and prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the biochemistry, physiology and clinical implications of ceruloplasmin in view of recent developments and new perspectives relevant to its function as a biomarker and mediator in health a disease.
creator: Wafaa Mohammed Ridha Abdel Rasoul
creator: Mariam Akeel Al-Taee
creator: Hanaa Mumtaz Hussein
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: 60
ending page: 66

Speedy Recovery from Transverse Myelitis through Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing as Complementary Therapy: A Case Study
type: item
description: Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neuroinflammatory disorder of the spinal cord, often leading to severe motor and sensory deficits. Conventional treatment involves corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and rehabilitation, with recovery timelines ranging from months to years. Objective: To document the clinical recovery of a 34-year-old female patient diagnosed with TM following integrative Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) healing interventions. Methods: The patient underwent 89 YPV healing sessions over three months, including psychotherapy, internal organ cleansing, and energy-based spinal regeneration techniques. Clinical progress was tracked through patient feedback and functional recovery milestones. Results: Within one month, the patient regained sensory functions and balance. By the third month, she achieved independent ambulation, normalized menstrual cycles, and resumed daily activities. Recovery was significantly faster than the medical prognosis of 1–2 years. Conclusion: This case highlights the potential role of YPV healing as a complementary modality in accelerating recovery from TM, warranting further controlled studies.
creator: Ritesh Kataria
creator: Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-08
publication date: 2026-02-08
starting page: 08
ending page: 18

Influence of Individual Factors on The Utilization of Dental Services Among Patients Attending Public Health Facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya
type: item
description: Background: Approximately 3.5 billion people of all ages and races globally are affected by dental diseases. Overall human health, well-being and quality of life can fundamentally be measure by an individual dental health. Despite the wide distribution of dental diseases, few individuals seek dental care services mostly for treatment. To tackle this problem, the populace requires to utilize health facilities to receive basic preventive services. Objective: This study was carried out to examine the influence of individual factors on the utilization of dental services among patients attending public health facilities in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 384 randomly selected respondents using structured questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and spreadsheet software. Results: Findings indicated sociodemographic factors have no significant impact on the utilization of dental services in public facilities, P-values greater than 0.05 across all variables. Individual preferences, awareness, time availability, perceptions, psychological factors, and health needs are critical determinants in seeking dental services with p-value of 0.001. Individual perceptions significantly guide decision-making in dental care p = 0.001. Individuals’ awareness of dental services offered in county health facilities significantly influence dental service utilization, p=0.001. Statistically significant relationship p=0.045 was observed that general health conditions influence dental care-seeking behaviors. Necessity-driven utilization was significant p=0.001 but barriers like high costs and patients’ busy schedules hamper individuals from seeking timely dental services. Conclusion: Individual preferences, awareness, time availability, perceptions, psychological factors, and health needs are critical determinants in seeking of dental services. Recommendations: Focus should …
creator: Amos Chebon Kipsumbai
creator: Dr. Joyce Kirui
creator: Eliphas Gitonga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-11
publication date: 2026-02-11
starting page: 19
ending page: 30

Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Direct Pulp-Capping Materials: A Comparison of Calcium Silicate-Based and Calcium Hydroxide Based Approaches (A Review)
type: item
description: Background: Direct pulp capping is a critical procedure in endodontics aimed at preserving pulp vitality following exposure due to carious lesions or trauma. The choice of pulp-capping materials significantly influences treatment outcomes, with calcium silicate-based materials, such as mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine, emerging as promising alternatives to traditional calcium hydroxide. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of these materials, addressing the need for updated evidence to guide clinical practice. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, from January 2000 to October 2023. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews that compared calcium silicate-based materials with calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping. Exclusion criteria included studies not published in English, animal studies, and those lacking relevant clinical outcomes. Data extraction and analysis were performed following PRISMA guidelines, with a focus on clinical success rates, radiographic outcomes, and biocompatibility. Results: A total of 25 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 15 randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies. The review revealed that calcium silicate-based materials demonstrated a significantly higher clinical success rate (average 83.33%) compared to calcium hydroxide (average 72.5%). Radiographic assessments indicated superior dentin bridge formation and reduced inflammation associated with calcium silicate materials. Notably, gaps in long-term follow-up data were identified, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the clinical superiority of calcium silicate-based materials over traditional calcium hydroxide in direct pulp capping procedures. The findings contribute to the growing body…
creator: Saber Mizher
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 31
ending page: 37

Evaluation Of IL-6 And IL-8 In the Saliva of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus After Tooth Extraction
type: item
description: Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and impaired wound healing, which may have undesirable effects on the outcomes of oral surgery. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, is fundamental in immune regulation and for tissue damage or recovery. The purpose of the present investigation was to measure salivary IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with type II diabetes mellitus before and after undergoing tooth extraction, as well as in a control group of systemically healthy individuals. This was an observational case–control study that was performed at the college of dentistry university of Kufa, Al-Najaf, Iraq from April 2025 to December 2025. Sixty individuals participated in the study, including 30 T2DM patients and 30 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected one hour before extraction and two days after extraction. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva. The statistical analysis between the two groups was analyzed by independent-samples and paired t-test with P < 0.05 considered as significant. At baseline, the concentrations of salivary IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly higher in patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.05). Both cytokines were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) when compared with the basal values in diabetics on day 2 following tooth extraction; this difference was still statistically significant from that observed in controls (P < 0.05). Type II diabetes mellitus patients have a high salivary level of IL-6 and IL-8 at the baseline and an exaggerated response to inflammation after tooth extraction. These results indicate that diabetic patients have a chronic inflammatory phase, which might affect the ability to heal wounds. Salivary IL-6 and IL-8 can be potentially useful, non-invasive biomarkers for monitoring POI in T2DM patients.
creator: Marwah Safaa Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: 38
ending page: 44

Clinical Advantages and Negative Consequences of Dental Veneers: A Review
type: item
description: Despite the widespread use of dental veneers within contemporary esthetic dentistry as a restorative treatment option capable of masking imperfections of the dental appearance with little tooth structure loss, there has not been an attempt to identify and evaluate dental veneers within the dental literature along the lines of evidence-based benefits and harms with a clear clinical focus. Clinical benefits of veneers consist of superior aesthetic results, superior tp color stability, optimal tooth form and ideal patient acceptance especially if conservative preparation designs are used in conjunction with contemporary ceramic materials. A classic illustration of the strengths of these materials would be lithium disilicate or feldspathic ceramics; they retain excellent optical properties and demonstrate the best long-term survival when bonded appropriately to enamel. However, dental veneers have their complications. Adverse effects may include irreversible loss of enamel, dentine hypersensitivity, marginal staining, fracture of the ceramic, debonding, and inflammatory reaction of the periodontal tissues, especially in case of inadequate case selection or over-preparation. Based on this, biological risks such as pulp irritation or long-term restorative dependence should also be evaluated, especially in young patients with an intact dentition. Introduction Occlusal overload, parafunctional habits, and inadequate bonding protocols are frequently implicated in mechanical and technical failures of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). Conservative treatment planning, an accurate diagnosis, and a patient-centered approach play an important role in achieving favorable clinical outcomes and preventing adverse effects, as summarized in this review. Dentists need to be mindful of both the pros and cons of dental veneers to ensure reliable esthetic results while still protecting healthy teeth for years to come.
creator: Rusul Subhi Hassan
creator: Zanbaq Azeez Hanoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-21
publication date: 2026-02-21
starting page: 45
ending page: 50

Vaccination and Its Effects on Long COVID-19 Prevalence, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes: A Literature Review
type: item
description: Long COVID is a heterogeneous condition characterized by persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection and represents an important public health concern. COVID-19 vaccination has been widely implemented, yet its association with long-term post-COVID outcomes remains incompletely understood. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and Long COVID, focusing on prevalence, symptom severity, and clinical outcomes. Available studies suggest that vaccination may be associated with a lower risk of Long COVID and reduced symptom burden in breakthrough infections, although findings are variable across populations and study designs. Age and pre-existing comorbidities consistently emerge as relevant factors that may influence observed associations. Overall, existing evidence supports a potential protective association of vaccination with Long COVID outcomes, while emphasizing the need for further longitudinal studies with standardized definitions and outcome measures.
creator: Klevis Caushaj
creator: Aldo Shpuza
creator: Enver Roshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 51
ending page: 53

The Impact of Sex Hormones on Physiological Alterations and Severity of Asthma
type: item
description: Sex hormones, including estradiol, progesterone and testosterone recently have been recognized as modulators of airway inflammation and immune responses, but currently it remains a poorly defined association between sex hormones and severity of asthma. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone in asthmatic patients and their association with disease severity. A cross-sectional case–control study was carried out on 88 asthmatic patients, diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and 62 healthy controls of similar age and sex. Patients who had endocrine disease or chronic systemic disease were excluded. Serum estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum estradiol levels were higher in asthmatic patients than in controls (72.4 ± 18.6 vs. 58.1 ± 14.3 pg/mL, P < 0.002). Patients also had increased levels of progesterone (1.89 ± 0.54 vs 1.32 ± 0.41 ng/mL, P < 0.003), and decreased testosterone (392.6 ± 110.8 vs 465.3 ± 124.5 ng/dL, P < 0.04). Stratification by disease severity showed significant differences in estradiol (P =0.033) and testosterone (P =0.001), both were highest in severe asthma and the lowest for testosterone was found in severe asthma. There was no difference in progesterone concentrations by severity (P = 0.075). There was a strong negative correlation between testosterone and estradiol (r = −0.41, P<0.01). Changes in sex hormone profiles are related to the prevalence of asthma and severity of its clinical expression, implying a causative role in the pathophysiology of asthma. These results indicate a need for further longitudinal and mechanism-based studies on sex hormones as candidate biomarkers in the pathophysiology of asthma.
creator: Rand Ali Zeyad
creator: Bashar Sabah Sahib
creator: Ali A. Al- fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 54
ending page: 62

Association Between Stress Hormones and Menopausal Symptoms in Iraqi Postmenopausal Women
type: item
description: There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may play a role in the etiology and severity of symptoms of menopause but the data are scarce regarding stress hormones in postmenopausal women with limited data from Middle Eastern population. The aim of this study was to examine serum levels of cortisol, ACTH, and DHEA and their associations with menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women in Iraq. We used a cross-sectional comparative design including 68 postmenopausal women and 42 age-matched premenopausal controls. The information regarding menopausal symptoms was obtained via structured questionnaires, meanwhile, serum cortisol, ACTH, and DHEA concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Cortisol in postmenopausal women had significantly higher concentrations of cortisol (18.6 ± 4.2 µg/dL vs. 13.9 ± 3.6 µg/dL, P < 0.02) and ACTH (46.3 ± 10.8 pg/mL vs. 38.1 ± 9.4 pg/mL, P < 0.03), along with significantly lower concentrations of DHEA (88.21 ± 12.3 µg/dL vs. 95.4 ± 18.9 µg/dL, P < 0.017), compared with premenopausal women. Postmenopausal participants experienced significantly higher prevalence of menopausal symptoms, especially hot flashes (78.0%), sleep disturbances (69.1%), and mood disturbances (64.7%). Hot flashes (P=0.02; P=0.01), sleep disturbance (P=0.03; P=0.04), and mood disturbances (P=0.04; P=0.02) were significantly associated with elevated cortisol and ACTH levels, respectively. By contrast, lower DHEA was independently associated with lack of libido (P = 0.001) and vaginal dryness (P = 0.03). Such stress hormone imbalance is associated with menopausal symptomatology, which suggests that stress-related hormonal assessment should be included to the bedside evaluation of postmenopausal women.
creator: Nibras Abbas AL- Mansouri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-26
publication date: 2026-02-26
starting page: 63
ending page: 73

Bacterial Biofilm Virulence on Hospital Plastic Surfaces: Mechanistic Insights, Persistence Drivers, and Infection Control Challenges
type: item
description: The establishment of bacterial biofilms on plastic surfaces has become increasingly recognized as an important, yet understudied, contributor to the persistence of pathogens in clinical and community settings. The wide use of polymers, like polyethylene and polypropylene, in the manufacturing of medical devices and high-contact surfaces inside hospitals creates physicochemical interfaces that promote bacterial adhesion and biofilm development. In contrast to metals or glass, however, plastics contribute to hydrophobic and electrostatic deposition, rapid accumulation of host-derived proteins, and metabolic zonation in biofilm depth with an increased tolerance against antimicrobials while supporting long-term survival in the environment. Surface sensing of polymers is also a heterotypic signal that activates bacterial virulence programs and induces expression of toxins, proteases, hemolysins, siderophores, and motility determinants, which are in turn correlated with phenotypes for chronic infection. Biofilms aged on plastics serve as pathogen dissemination reservoirs by active dispersion, which leads to secondary infections and adds difficulty in infection control. Conventional disinfection modalities are mainly ineffective owing to the inadequate penetration of antimicrobials into EPS matrices and fast resurface recolonization. New developments illustrate the possibility of biofilm-aware interventions such as anti-adhesive materials designs, enzyme/peptide-coated surfaces, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phage-based therapies, UV-C exposure, and plasma treatments, as well as the manufacture of inherently antimicrobial/biocompatible/sustainable polymer alternatives. This review integrates existing mechanisms, clinical risk, and emergent infection preventive technologies, proposing that the next-generation biosafety guideline should ultimately center on the polymer–microbe–altitude of virulence axis to constrain biofilm resilience and inhibit pathogenic switching event upon…
creator: Abbas J. Abed
creator: Muhammad Abdul-Razzaq Ali Al-Haidary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 74
ending page: 87

Histological Changes of Skin Induced with Psoriasis and Treated with Aloe Vera Gel in Rats
type: item
description: Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with features of epidermal hyperproliferation and infiltration of leukocytes. The current work was performed to assess the histopathological changes of imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriatic skin lesions and investigate the beneficial therapeutic targets after topical application of Aloe vera (AV) gel in experimental rats. A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: G1 (healthy control), G2 (psoriasis-induced control), G3 (psoriasis + AV gel treatment), and G4 (psoriasis + Tazarotene treatment). Histological analysis revealed that AV gel significantly reduced keratosis, acanthosis, and perivascular inflammation, comparable to the standard Tazarotene treatment. The stratum corneum thickness was significantly decreased in treated groups. These findings suggest that AV gel holds promise as a natural therapeutic option for psoriasis management.
creator: Zainab Mohammed Jasim
creator: Dalia Amer khudhair
creator: Shereen M. Mekkey
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 88
ending page: 96

A Case Series of Different Dermatological Adverse Drug Reactions Attending the Medical Oncology Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital Eastern India
type: item
description: Background: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are among the most frequent complications of anticancer therapy, affecting the skin, hair, nails, and mucosa. Both conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies and newer targeted agents are associated with a wide spectrum of dermatological toxicities that may impair quality of life and lead to dose modification or treatment discontinuation. Continuous pharmacovigilance is essential for early detection and appropriate management of these reactions as the safeguard of health by ensuring that the benefits of the use of the anticancer drugs outweigh the risk associated with its use. Objectives: To document and analyze the spectrum of dermatological adverse drug reactions in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and targeted therapies at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India, and to emphasize the role of pharmacovigilance in improving patient outcomes. Methods: This case series included ten patients who developed cutaneous adverse drug reactions while attending the Medical Oncology Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata. Clinical details, suspected drugs, temporal association and dermatological manifestations were recorded. Causality assessment of the adverse events was performed based on clinical correlation and temporal relationship with drug administration. Results: Among the ten cases, females predominated (n=6). Five patients were above 40 years of age, while five were in the pediatric age group. Frequently implicated drugs included Paclitaxel, Capecitabine, L-asparaginase, Vincristine, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Daunorubicin, and Azacitidine. The observed CADRs comprised nail hyperpigmentation, palmoplantar hyperpigmentation, alopecia, oral ulcers, hyperpigmented plaques, skin nodules, acanthosis. Most reactions were non-life-threatening but contributed to patient distress and potential treatment interruptions. Conclusion: Cutaneous adverse drug reactions represent a significant proportion of …
creator: Atrayee Dey
creator: Ipsita Pal
creator: Dr. Suhena Sarkar
creator: Dr. Swarnabindu Banerjee
creator: Prof (Dr.) Amrita Sil
creator: Dr. Roshni Banerjee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 97
ending page: 106

Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Hypothyroidism and Compared with Healthy Control Group in Baquba Teaching Hospital
type: item
description: Background: One of the utmost prevalent endocrine disorders is hypothyroidism, which can reason moderate symptoms like depression, cold sensitivity, fatigue, and weight gain, as well as further severe one’s alike myxedema and mortality. Objective: To assess the laboratory investigations in patients with hypothyroidism and compared with healthy control group in Baquba Teaching Hospital. Method: Cross sectional study was fixed amongst 90 individuals (60 patients with hypothyroidism and 30 healthy control) from Baquba Teaching Hospital, Diyala. The study was finished in the dated from December 2024 to February 2025. We estimated thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH) and hematological analysis (WBC, RBC, and platelets count) to find the relationship between them and compared with healthy control. Results: The results exhibited count of WBC in patients’ group was statistically non-significant lessened as associated with control group. The RBC count displayed enlarged level in control group as associated to patients with statistically exposed no significant connection. The platelets count presented enlarged level in control group as related to patients with statistically exhibited no significant connection. The results illustration Mean ±SE of platelets counts in patient’s male more than in female with statistically significant relationship. The patients were separated into three age groups, (<40 years), (40-50 years) and (>50 years) and all hematological analysis were divided into the age groups. It was shown through the statistical results that age does not affect the results of the hematological test. Conclusion: The study found that thyroid issues affect women more often than they do men. It is crucial for hematological testing on hypothyroid patients.
creator: Hayder Asaad Jasim
creator: Hayder Mahdi Idan
creator: Rafid Abdul-Mahdi Hasani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 107
ending page: 113

The Classification of Carbapenemase Genes and Their Role in Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review
type: item
description: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant worldwide health problem caused by antimicrobial overuse and misuse in different sectors, resulting in the appearance of resistant microbes. Other concerning is the concurrent emergence of dual carbapenem-colistin resistance, defined as no efficacy by both antibiotics that are reserved to treat life-threatening infections due to multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenemase genes encode β-lactamase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems and other β-lactam antibiotics, offering high-level resistance and promoting treatment failure. This review focuses on molecular features, classification and pathogenic significance of the main carbapenemase genes in clinically important bacteria through data until October 2023. Carbapenemases are mainly classified into Ambler classes A, B, and D including major enzymatic family like KPC, OXA, IMP, VIM, and NDM type carbapenemases. the genes that encode carbapenemases often reside on mobile genetic elements that can be transferred horizontally at a high rate between bacterial species and are responsible for spreading carbapenem resistance globally. Besides their well-characterized links to antimicrobial resistance, emerging data suggest that carbapenemase genes can also influence bacterial pathogenesis through increased survival in the presence of antibiotic selective pressure, biofilm formation and co-transfer of virulence-associated determinants. It also emphasizes the clinical manifestations of infections with carbapenemase-producing pathogens, which are linked with increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of stay and greater healthcare costs. In line with observations made in some bacterial lineages, the co-existence of resistance and virulence traits highlights an urgent need to improve molecular surveillance, rapid diagnostic tools and efficient strategies for infection prevention. In addition, understanding the complex interactions between carbapenemase gen…
creator: Afraa Naje Jamel
creator: Shaima Basil Salman
creator: Fatima Omer Saber
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-05
publication date: 2026-03-05
starting page: 114
ending page: 120

Detection of Blandm And Blaoxa-23 Genes in Acinetobacter Baumannii Isolated from Sputum Samples of Iraqi Patients
type: item
description: Acinetobacter baumannii is a pivotal pathogenic bacterium causing hospital-acquired respiratory infections, particularly in critically ill patients, and its prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has increased globally. Two of the most relevant carbapenemase genes from a clinical standpoint is blaOXA-23 and blaNDM which are highly involved in conferring resistance to carbapenems in A. baumannii. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the blaOXA-23 and blaNDM genes in A. baumannii isolates isolated from sputum samples obtained from Iraqi patients, and whether these genes were associated with patterns of resistance to specific antibiotics. This is a cross-sectional study performed in the Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq during March 2025 to August 2025. A total of 48 patients with a clinically suspected lower RTI were recruited. Sputum aspirates were obtained under aseptic conditions and processed by standard microbiological procedures. A. baumannii was identified by colony morphology, Gram staining and standard biochemical testing. The susceptibility testing for imipenem, meropenem, amikacin gentamicin ciprofloxacin ceftazidime and piperacillin–tazobactam (p-t) were performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion according to the CLSI. Molecular identification of blaOXA-23 and blaNDM genes was done by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). High resistance rates were also noted for carbapenems, imipenem (87.5%) and meropenem (85.4%). Resistance was also high for ceftazidime (81.3%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (79.2%), which were much lower in case of aminoglycosides. Molecular investigation indicated that blaOXA-23 and blaNDM genes were observed in 83.3% and 37.5% of the isolates, respectively. The link between resistance to carbapenems and the simultaneous presence of blaOXA-23 and blaNDM genes was strongly significant. These observations show high rates of blaOXA-23 but still considerable rates of blaNDM enzymes among CRAB isola…
creator: Luma Jasim Witwit
creator: Eman Jaber Raheem Al-Ardawi
creator: Teeb Ahmed Altabtabaai
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 121
ending page: 127

Treatment and Incidence Rate of Tuberculosis in Diyala Province
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic granulomatous infection produced by the obligate aerobe, slow-growing, acid-fast bacillus (AFB) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, owns a lipid-rich cell wall (mycolic acids, lipoarabinomannan) that delivers resistance to antibiotics and phagocytosis. Objectives: To evaluate the Incidence rate of tuberculosis in Diyala province Patients and methods: The study is a cross-sectional analysis directed in Diyala province, Iraq, between November 2024, and February 2025, concerning 713 TB patients (69 males and 71 females). The study fixated on gender distribution, TB types (pulmonary and extrapulmonary), and treatment consequences, with 691 patients recovering, 17 deaths, and 5 treatment failures. Statistical analysis was accomplished using Microsoft Excel and SPSS, applying descriptive statistics to analyze patterns in the data. Results: The study results designate a higher prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) amongst females (58%) associated to males (42%). The primary causes of TB cases were the general healthcare sector (381 cases), followed by the private sector (208 cases), direct reporting (111 cases), and prisons (13 cases). In relations of treatment regimens, most patients (657) usual Cut 1, which comprised isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, while only 56 patients usual Cut 2, which involved of the same drugs with the addition of streptomycin. Conclusion: This study describes the trends of tuberculosis (TB) incidence, treatment distribution and patient outcome in the province of Diyala. The results show that TB is predominantly pulmonary; with the males having a higher prevalence of TB, and TAC is influenced by the male population
creator: Safa Mohammed Abdalwahed
creator: Anfal Shakir Motib
creator: Rafid Abdul-Mahdi Hasani
creator: Mohammed Shakir Motib
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 01
ending page: 06

Histological Alterations, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approaches of Colorectal Cancer: A Review Article
type: item
description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a major public health burden leading to cancer-related morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Its induction is a multistaged process which includes genetic and epigenetic mutations, and complicated environmental/lifestyle interactions. Histologically, CRC is mainly adenocarcinoma that develops from dysplastic transformation of the colonic epithelium and has known variants which affect prognosis and response to treatment. The cumulative effect of architectural distortion, cellular irregularities, invasive extension beyond muscularis mucosae and through the surrounding lymphovascular channels to form metastases describes disease progression. Early diagnosis is paramount for survival. Diagnostic work up includes screening tools, including fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy, followed by histo-pathological diagnosis and radiologic staging. Molecular diagnostics for mutation analysis and microsatellite instabilty status have provided additional clarification to categorization and treatment strategy in recent years. Therapies for CRC are dependent on the stage, as local disease is resected surgically and treatment there-after administered. The introduction of adjuvant and neo-adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy (especially for rectal cancer), new targeted biologic agents, and as of late immune therapy have transformed the management of both metastatic and locally advanced disease. Identification of target therapy according to the molecular tumor profile is essential to patients who respond to this treatment. In conclusion, the histopathological features of CRC and early diagnosis options and modern therapeutic opportunities should be combined to best control colorectal cancer as well as additional new research approaches in response to worldwide diseases.
creator: Zainab Mohammed Jasim
creator: Khawla A. Shemran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-08
publication date: 2026-03-08
starting page: 07
ending page: 14

Prevalence and Risk Indicators of Orofacial Trauma and Mouthguard Awareness Among Youth Water Polo Players
type: item
description: Background: Sports-related orofacial injuries are common among young athletes, and water polo carries a moderate risk for dental trauma. However, awareness of emergency management and mouthguard use remains limited. Objectives: This study evaluated the prevalence of dental and orofacial trauma, avulsion management awareness, and attitudes toward mouthguard use among junior male water polo players in Istanbul. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 80 male athletes (8–18 years) from three youth water polo clubs in Istanbul using a structured 19-item questionnaire. The survey evaluated trauma history, avulsion management awareness, and mouthguard use. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests (p<0.05). Results: Eighty athletes were included (response rate: 94.1%). The most common orofacial injury was bruising (81.3%), followed by lip/tongue injuries (48.8%), with no reported avulsion cases. Dental trauma occurred more frequently during training (45%) than matches (13.8%) and contact with other players (52.5%) was the leading cause. Injury type was significantly associated with age group (p=0.0056) and weekly training time (p=0.00795), but not with years of experience (p=0.352). Awareness of avulsion management was low, and although 67.5% were aware of mouthguards, none reported using one. Conclusions: Junior water polo players in Istanbul demonstrated limited awareness of dental trauma management and no reported use of mouthguards. Greater exposure time was associated with trauma risk, while the absence of mouthguard use despite existing awareness indicates a substantial preventive gap.
creator: Çağla Kondoz Torun
creator: Sarp Kondoz
creator: Müesser Ahu Yılmaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 15
ending page: 25

Comparative Study of frozen Section with Histopathology of Primary Site in OSCC
type: item
description: Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely a disease of older adults, occurring most commonly in patients older than age 45. Surgery was a principal modality of treatment and gaining microscopically negative resected margins are possible the most significant prognostic factor for a patient with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and accordingly Frozen section (FS) evaluation was used to confirm negative margins. Aim of study: To compare the accuracy of frozen section FS with permanent histological examination of the same primary site margins and to improve the validity of FS during intra-operative operations. Methods: The researchers reviewed frozen section examination of the resection surfaces of 13 patients surgically treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma during the period October 2020 to October 2021 when close or positive margins was present at the resection surface, re-resection 0.5 cm was performed. Then after final histopathological study obtained, we compare it with FS result to evaluate the accuracy of FS. Results: A total of 39 margins were evaluated from 13 individuals. With a p value of 0.001, all margins exhibited highly significant concordance with the permanent section of the same tissue sample. Conclusion: Frozen section histopathological study data, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, showed highly significant p value result which improve its validity intraoperatively this result was confirmed by permanent histopathological study.
creator: Kahlid Nawaf Dhahi
creator: Sabah Abdulaziz Issa
creator: Mohammed Subhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 26
ending page: 35

Lung Cancer Detection and Diagnosis in Babylon Governorate by Gender and Age Group
type: item
description: Lung cancer is one of the global health problems that has a high incidence and mortality rate. Particularly, it is one cancer that comes under strong effect of age, sex and lifestyle. This study included lung cancer as Babylon Governorate in terms of age groups and sex of the study, and the most important risk factors and methods of diagnosis are seen. Abstract This study has cross sectional design, this study was done in some of the hospitals of Babylon Governorate. Results: The results of the present study showed that the study population consisted of 160 lung cancer patients (120 males, 40 females) with mean age of 62.3 years. The risk factors and clinical symptoms were examined after stratifying the cases according to age and sex. The results showed that the rate of lung cancer was higher in males than females and significantly increased with increasing age. Smoking was the most common risk factor followed by being around chemicals at work and pollution in the environment. The main symptoms found were persistent cough and respiratory problems and chest pain, which resulted in late-stage medical consultations. Diagnosis was accomplished using a combination of methods ranging from chest radiography to computed tomography (CT) imaging to tissue biopsies. The results of the study highlight the importance of detecting lung cancer early, especially among older people and smokers, due to the significant influence of this on the efficacy of the therapeutics and the reduction of adverse effects. Furthermore, the research calls for the improvement of health education programs and the adoption of wider screening programs to help reduce the impact of this disease on society.
creator: Haider Farhan Abdullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 36
ending page: 43

Epigenetic Regulation and Metabolic Adaptation in the Emergence of Multidrug Resistance Among Clinically Significant Gram-Negative Pathogen
type: item
description: The swift development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative microbes has emerged as a key health problem in the world, greatly reducing the efficacy of the available antimicrobial treatments. Among the most designable effective pathogens that cause severe healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii can be named. Historically, genetic processes, such as horizontal gene transfer, chromosomal mutation, enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, and overexpression of efflux pumps, have been recognized as the major causes of antibiotic resistance in these organisms. Nevertheless, there is increasingly strong evidence of a significant role of non-genetic regulatory mechanisms in controlling adaptation and survival of bacteria to antimicrobial pressure. In the recent past, research on epigenetic regulation and metabolic adaptation has been noted as critical factors in the development and maintenance of MDR in Gram-negative pathogens. Flexible gene expression in bacteria is made possible through epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, phase variation, and nucleoid-associated protein activity, but does not change the genome sequence. These processes bring about simple and reversible phenotypic alterations in bacteria, which enables the populations to produce phenotypic diversity and increase their ability to endure the environmental exposure as a consequence of antibiotic exposure. Simultaneously, metabolic adjustment has also been much more highly appreciated as a pivotal determinant in bacterial tolerance and resistance towards antibiotics. When exposed to antimicrobial agents, significant changes are commonly induced on the central metabolic pathways, such as carbon metabolism, energy production, and oxidative stress responses. Such metabolic changes may affect the growth rate of bacteria, the cellular dynamics, and the membrane dynamics, which have an eventua…
creator: Shaymaa F Abbas
creator: Saifali J. Aljabran
creator: Dhuha E. Omran
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 44
ending page: 55

Adequacy of Radiographic Reportage in Endodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Review from a Teaching Hospital in Southwest Nigeria
type: item
description: Background: Understanding the patterns of documentation among endodontic caregivers, ranging from students and registrars to consultants, can provide valuable insights into systemic strengths and weaknesses within dental service delivery frameworks. Objective: This study evaluated the adequacy of radiographic documentation in endodontic treatment, assessing the frequency of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative radiographs, and determining factors associated with adequate reportage. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 357 patient records treated for endodontic conditions at a tertiary dental hospital. Data extracted included demographic variables, designation of the attending caregiver, radiographic documentation, diagnosis, and treatment type. Adequacy of radiographic reportage was defined by inclusion of the coronal surface, apical structures, periodontal ligament space, and canal patency in the recorded findings. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, were performed at a 5% significance level. Results: Patients were predominantly aged 20–29 years (25.2%) and female (56.0%). Most treatments were rendered by registrars (88.2%). Although 96.9% of cases had preoperative radiographs, and 88.5% and 85.7% had master cone and obturation radiographs respectively, only 16.2% of records met the criteria for adequate documentation. Acute apical periodontitis (36.4%) was the most common diagnosis, and conventional root canal therapy accounted for 86.8% of treatments. The association between caregiver designation and adequacy of radiographic documentation was not statistically significant (p = 0.287). Conclusion: While radiographs were widely utilized in endodontic care, comprehensive documentation was suboptimal. Structured training and adherence to documentation protocols are essential to improve radiographic reporting standards and ensure medico-legal accountability in clinical practice.
creator: Gbadebo S.O publication
creator: Okereke P.U publication
creator: Ajao E.I publication
creator: Olasemi F.S publication
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 56
ending page: 65

Evaluation of Erosive Durability in Dental Microchannels Sealed Using Various Sensitivity-Reducing Agents
type: item
description: Dentin hypersensitivity remains a prevalent clinical condition characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentinal surfaces in response to external stimuli. The occlusion of dentinal microchannels has emerged as a primary therapeutic strategy for mitigating hypersensitivity. However, the long-term effectiveness of such treatments is challenged by erosive conditions within the oral environment, particularly exposure to acidic agents. This study evaluates the erosive durability of dental microchannels sealed using different sensitivity-reducing agents, with a focus on their resistance to acid-mediated degradation. A comprehensive in vitro experimental design was developed to simulate clinical conditions, incorporating widely used desensitizing agents including bioactive glass formulations, potassium nitrate-based compounds, oxalate-based agents, and nanohydroxyapatite systems. The treated dentin samples were subjected to controlled acidic challenges to assess the integrity of microchannel occlusion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative image analysis were employed to evaluate structural changes, degree of occlusion, and resistance to erosive dissolution. Findings indicate significant variation in erosive durability among the tested materials. Bioactive glass and nanohydroxyapatite-based agents demonstrated superior resistance due to their remineralization potential and ability to form stable mineral deposits within dentinal microchannels. In contrast, potassium nitrate-based formulations exhibited limited structural stability under acidic exposure. Oxalate-containing compounds showed moderate resistance but were susceptible to gradual dissolution. The study underscores the importance of material composition and mechanism of action in determining long-term clinical efficacy. It highlights the need for developing advanced desensitizing systems with enhanced resistance to erosive challenges. The findings contribute to evidence-based clinical d…
creator: Mehmet Kaya
creator: Ayşe Demir
creator: Emre Yildiz
creator: Elif Çelik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 01
ending page: 05

Knowledge Levels Regarding Urgent Health Situations and Readiness Among Predoctoral Oral Health Trainees at an Advanced Care Center in West Africa
type: item
description: Medical emergencies in dental settings, though relatively infrequent, pose significant risks to patient safety and require immediate, competent intervention. Predoctoral oral health trainees represent a critical workforce segment within teaching institutions, where clinical exposure increases the likelihood of encountering urgent health situations. This study investigates knowledge levels and preparedness among undergraduate clinical dental students in a tertiary care institution in West Africa, with a focus on cognitive understanding, practical readiness, and systemic training adequacy. A structured analytical framework was employed to evaluate theoretical knowledge, clinical competence, and perceived confidence using insights synthesized from existing empirical studies. The study integrates findings from cross-sectional surveys, observational analyses, and educational assessments documented across diverse geographical contexts, including Nigeria, Brazil, India, and the United States. Key variables include recognition of medical emergencies, decision-making capacity, response protocols, and prior training exposure. Findings reveal a persistent gap between theoretical awareness and practical preparedness. While most trainees demonstrate basic recognition of common emergencies such as syncope, hypoglycemia, and cardiac arrest, their ability to implement appropriate interventions remains inconsistent. Training deficiencies, limited hands-on simulation exposure, and lack of standardized emergency protocols contribute significantly to these gaps. Comparative analysis suggests that structured training programs and recurrent simulation exercises are positively associated with higher preparedness levels. The study underscores the need for curriculum reform emphasizing competency-based emergency management training. It further highlights institutional responsibilities in equipping students with both cognitive and procedural readiness. The implications extend to patient safe…
creator: Kwame Mensah
creator: Abena Owusu
creator: Kofi Asante
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
starting page: 06
ending page: 10

The Utility of Serum CD152 Concentration as a Differential Biomarker in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
type: item
description: Background: Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland, shaped like a butterfly, is located at the base of the neck, directly beneath the Adam's apple. The thyroid produces hormones that help to regulate a variety of body processes. An autoimmune illness occurs when the immune system attacks healthy tissues. In Hashimoto's disease, immune system cells cause the death of thyroid hormone-producing cells. Hypothyroidism is a common consequence of the condition. Objectives: Aim of study is to investigating the levels of CD152 and its correlation TSH, T3 and T4 to provide the reference for the diagnosis of Hashimoto's. Materials and Methods: This study included (80 patients “40 males and 40 females” with Hashimoto's and 40 healthy persons as control group). Five ml of blood were taken from all to assess T3, T4, TSH, Vitamin D and CD152 according to procedures that provide with kits. By SPSS v.29, all data were analyzed at P value equal or less than 0.5. Results: The level of CD152 is higher in female group when compare with male group P- value 0.05, the ROC carve show the CD152 is greater than vitamin D and TSH and more specific to distinguish between the groups, In Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients, there was a link between CD152 and thyroid function tests. Conclusion: It was concluding CD152 is depend alone is a novel biomarker to HT diagnosis, in addition there is correlation between CD152 and TSH, T3, T4.
creator: Hussain Ali Rzoqy
creator: Aqeel S. Abd AL-Salam
creator: Mohammed Majid AL-qanbar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 26
ending page: 31

Incidence of Injuries in Inferior Alveolar Nerve After Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar. Prospective Study
type: item
description: Background and objective: Inferior dental alveolar nerve injury is a recognized complication of mandibular third molar surgery, potentially resulting in sensory disturbances such as paresthesia and numbness in the lower lip and chin. Our study is aimed of to evaluate the incidence of IAN injury following surgical removal of third molar and to assess its management and outcomes. Material and Method; Our study was involved surgical extraction of lower wisdom tooth for hundred patients. Preoperative assessments radiographically & clinically were accomplished. Around six months postoperative follow up period for any changes in neurosensory feeling for patients, with recording duration and management of I. A. N. injury. Results; Factors of endanger represented in near proximity and deep impaction that making the roots in or around the mandibular canal, were resulted in permanent harm or damage persist after six months in four percent ((4%)) among the total number of 100 patients involved in the study. Transient effect or symptom of postoperative nerve harm/injury was clear in eight percent ((8%)) of patients among 100 case, were the symptom was solved and disappear within 3 months. Conclusion; Surgery of the lower wisdom tooth stay accompanied with nerve harm or injury of inferior alveolar nerve. Effects could be temporary ((transient)) or permanent deficit which involve small ratio among patients. The essential keys for decreasing the incidence of nerve deficit/injury beside enhancing sequelae, were achieved by focusing on early/premature intervention, preoperative radiograph, and congruent surgical procedure.
creator: Anas H. Abed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
starting page: 32
ending page: 38

Epitranscriptomic Remodeling of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) RNA Marks in CRISPR-Edited Genomes: Emerging Implications for Off-Target Genetic Instability and Precision Gene Therapy
type: item
description: With the advent of epitranscriptomics, there is the addition of a regulatory layer of control over gene expression which goes beyond DNA sequence and chromatin-based regulation and encompasses dynamic chemical RNA modification. Of these N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common interior modification of eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) and is crucial in maintaining RNA stability, splicing, nuclear export, and translational efficiency. M6A deposition, removal and functional interpretation are regulated by an extensive system of methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers) and RNA-binding proteins (readers), which allow a rapid and reversible regulation of gene expression in response to cellular signals. Simultaneously, the emergence of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technologies has transformed the field of molecular biology and provided a new opportunity in the field of precision gene therapy. Although significant focus has been placed on the conceptualization of off-target DNA mutation and genomic instability, the consequences of genome editing on RNA layers of control, and especially, the epitranscriptomic changes have not been fully investigated. Recent data indicate that, following the formation of CRISPR-induced DNA double-strand breaks and the ensuing activation of DNA damage response pathways, the global state of cells can be changed, with a potential impact on m6A deposition patterns, including: chromatin remodeling, transcriptional reprogramming, and stress signaling. This review offers the highest possible idea of the m6A epitranscriptomic environment and its regulatory apparatus, and then a deeper discussion of CRISPR-Cas systems and the cellular reactions related to it. We make the mechanistic case of the interaction between genome editing and m6A remodelling, and how the transcriptional dynamics and RNA-binding protein activity perturbation can cause transcriptome-wide changes in m6A distribution. We also compare the existing methods of m6A modificat…
creator: Reham N. Abd
creator: Sara H. Ali
creator: Asraa Dawod Farhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 39
ending page: 50

Efficiency and Stability of Gummy Smile Correction Using a Minimally Invasive Technique
type: item
description: Background: Excessive gingival display (gummy smile) represents a common esthetic concern and a therapeutic challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Its etiology may include vertical maxillary excess, dentoalveolar extrusion, short upper lip, hyperactivity of the upper lip elevator muscles, or altered passive eruption. Various surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities have been described. An evaluation of a minimally invasive surgical approach based on selective myotomy and detachment of the upper lip elevator muscles is presented. Objective: To assess the efficiency and stability of gummy smile correction using selective myotomy of the upper lip elevator muscles (levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, and zygomaticus minor) with repositioning of muscle fibers near the anterior nasal spine. Materials and Methods: This prospective clinical work was conducted between January and September 2023 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Wasity Hospital, Baghdad. Fifteen female patients (mean age: 28 years) with excessive gingival display of mixed soft- and hard-tissue etiology were treated under local anesthesia. Gingival display was assessed preoperatively and during follow-up for up to 9 months, and pre- and postoperative outcomes were statistically analyzed. Results: A significant reduction in gingival display was observed in 14 patients, while one patient demonstrated partial relapse during the follow-up period between 1 and 9 months. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant reduction in gingival display at 9 months compared with preoperative measurements (t = −4.10, df = 21.23, p = 0.0005). Conclusion: Selective myotomy and detachment of the upper lip elevator muscles is a simple, minimally invasive, and effective technique for the correction of gummy smile. The procedure offers satisfactory esthetic outcomes with minimal morbidity, preservation of neuromuscular function, and good short-term stability.
creator: Mohammed Ali Nouri Aldilemy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
starting page: 51
ending page: 63

Association of Hormonal Profiles with Menopausal Symptoms in Women Following Hysterectomy
type: item
description: Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical operations in gynecology, with a potential impact on ovarian function and an increase in hormonal changes causing menopausal symptoms. Changes in important hormones like Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), and Inhibin B could be major contributors to the onset and severity of these symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship of hormonal profiles with menopausal symptoms among postmenopausal women after hysterectomy. Methods: We performed a case–control study at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, Al-Najaf, Iraq from June 2025 to December 2025. The study involved 48 women with a history of hysterectomy, compared to 62 age-matched healthy controls. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data, including menopausal symptoms. FSH, LH and inhibin B serum levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses: independent t-test, Chi-square test and correlation analysis, P < 0.05. Results: FSH (46.80 ± 8.75 mIU/mL) and LH (28.50 ± 6.20 mIU/mL) levels in women with hysterectomy were significantly higher than controls (P < 0.05), but inhibin B secretion was significantly lower at this stage (18.30 ± 5.10 pg/mL). Patients reported significantly more menopausal symptoms than the controls, such as hot flashes, vaginal dryness, sleep disturbances and night sweats (p < 0.05). High levels of FSH and LH were significantly associated with vasomotor and psychological symptoms, whereas low inhibin B was significantly linked to vaginal dryness and lack of libido. Conclusion: Hysterectomy is related with hormonal imbalance and increased menopausal symptoms. Hormonal profiling may prove particularly valuable in the assessment and management of post-hysterectomy.
creator: Nariman Abdulhassan Karbul
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-19
publication date: 2026-04-19
starting page: 64
ending page: 73

The Association of rs1042522 and rs3088440 Polymorphisms with CA125, IFN-γ, and IL-10 Levels in Cervical Cancer and Genital Warts Patients
type: item
description: Introduction: Variants in tumor suppressor genes may affect susceptibility to HPV-related diseases and alter immune responses by modifying cytokine production. Thus, in the current study, we sought to examine how rs1042522 (TP53 codon 72) and rs3088440 (INK4a 540 C>T) variants correlate with serum CA125, IFN-γ, and IL-10 levels in Iraqi women with cervical cancer, genital warts, or no disease. Methods: We enrolled 106 participants from four Iraqi hospitals (October 2024-January 2025): 26 with cervical cancer, 30 with genital warts, and 50 healthy individuals. Genetic variants were identified through PCR-RFLP, and ELISA was used to measure CA125, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in serum. We applied Chi-square tests for genotype frequencies and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney U tests for biomarker analysis. Results: For rs1042522, controls had higher GG genotype frequency (46.0%) than genital warts patients (23.3%; P=0.03), whereas genital warts patients showed increased CC genotype (43.3%). Among genital warts patients, IL-10 concentrations varied by rs1042522 genotype (P=0.025): CC carriers had elevated levels (0.76 pg/mL) versus GG carriers (0.60 pg/mL; P=0.006). The rs3088440 variant showed no meaningful associations with disease or biomarkers. Conclusion: Our findings link rs1042522 to genital warts risk and IL-10 regulation in affected patients, indicating a genetic basis for immune responses in HPV-associated conditions. This variant may serve as a useful marker for identifying at-risk individuals.
creator: Marrwa Mohammed Majead
creator: Maitham Ghaly Yousif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-20
publication date: 2026-04-20
starting page: 74
ending page: 83

Nutritional Rickets in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria: Investigating the Roles of Calcium and Vitamin D
type: item
description: Background: Nutritional rickets remains a common cause of skeletal deformities among children in developing countries. While vitamin D deficiency is traditionally implicated, evidence from tropical regions with abundant sunlight suggests calcium deficiency may be more prominent. Objectives: This study evaluated the relative roles of calcium and vitamin D in children with rickets in Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive comparative study was conducted involving 32 children with clinical features of rickets and 32 age- and sex-matched controls without rickets at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and biochemical analyses included serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D, total protein, albumin, and renal function tests. Radiographs of wrists and knees were obtained for affected children. Independent sample t-tests compared mean biochemical values, while Chi-square tests assessed associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age of affected children was 3.06 ± 0.13 years (range 2–5 years). Bilateral genu varum was the most common presentation (31.3%). Hypocalcaemia was observed in 87.5% of cases and elevated ALP in 75.0%, whereas 87.5% had normal serum vitamin D levels. Significant differences between cases and controls were found for serum calcium (p = 0.02) and ALP (p = 0.01), but not for vitamin D or protein levels. Renal parameters were largely normal. Conclusion: Calcium deficiency appears to be the predominant biochemical abnormality in children with rickets in this tropical setting, despite adequate sunlight exposure and largely normal vitamin D levels. Emphasis on calcium assessment and supplementation is essential for effective management and prevention.
creator: Moruf B Yusuf
creator: Sunday O Popoola
creator: Olorunwa O Kolawole
creator: David B Idowu
creator: Oluwamuyiwa A Dada
creator: Emamizo U Ojo-Maliki
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: 84
ending page: 92

The Biochemical Features, Physiological Actions, And Clinical Importance of Procalcitonin: A Review
type: item
description: Procalcitonin (PCT), a peptide precursor of calcitonin, has emerged as an important biomarker (biomarker) clinically that can be used for diagnosis and subsequent management of bacterial infection. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, biochemical characteristics, physiological functions and clinical relevance of procalcitonin. PCT is produced by thyroid C cells under physiological conditions, and almost immediately converted to calcitonin giving rise to extremely low levels in circulation. In contrast, during systemic bacterial infections it is produced in relatively high states in various tissues with a corresponding increase in serum concentrations. From a biochemical perspective, PCT is representative of a “hormokine,” bridging the immune and endocrine responses. On a physiological level, it helps to regulate inflammation and immune responses. Clinically, PCT has been used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for bacterial infections and sepsis, making it a valuable tool in differentiating disease causing by viral infection from that of bacterial origin. Moreover, antibiotic therapy based on PCT reduces unnecessary antibiotic therapy and improves treatment outcome. Procalcitonin is an important supporting diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, which undoubtedly has limitations but supports appropriate clinical decision-making and patient care in different medical contexts.
creator: Manar G. Alhussine
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 93
ending page: 99

Evaluation of New Biomarkers in The Diagnosis of Herpes Zoster Infections
type: item
description: Background: Herpes Zoster is a neurotropic viral disease with notable inflammatory and neurological complications. And early diagnosis and treatment is still the way to go. Aims: This study was designed to investigate the diagnostic value of new biomarkers such as procalcitonin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and miR-155 among Herpes Zoster infection patients. Methods: The study was a case–control cross-sectional study involving 44 patients diagnosed with Herpes Zoster and 66 healthy controls. Serum levels of procalcitonin and NSE were detected by ELISA, and expression levels of miR-155 was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences between groups, correlations and diagnostic performance using ROC curve analysis. Results: The study identified significantly higher concentrations of procalcitonin (PC), NSE and miR-155 levels in patients, than controls (P < 0.01). All biomarkers performed well to excellent in diagnostic performance, with miR-155 having the highest sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the biomarkers studied displayed several significant positive correlations with each other indicating their biological role in disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: Procalcitonin, NSE and miR-155 are all potential diagnostic biomarkers of Herpes Zoster infection. A composite biomarker panel, especially including miR-155, may facilitate early diagnosis and a better understanding of disease mechanisms.
creator: Saja Hassan Abd Al-kadhim
creator: Athmar Jawad Ahmed
creator: Douaa Hamza Khairalla
creator: Ali A. Al-fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 100
ending page: 108

Engineering-Based Technological Transformation in Dentistry and Endodontics and its Impact on Türkiye's Competitiveness in the Health Tourism Market
type: item
description: Technological advancements driven by engineering have become key factors in elevating Türkiye's global standing in health tourism, greatly strengthening its competitiveness and attracting a growing number of international patients. Emin Taner Elmas is not a dentist or endodontist, but a Mechanical Engineer and academic. His work focuses not directly on classical dental clinical practice or endodontics, but rather on interdisciplinary fields such as thermodynamics, energy transfer, fluid mechanics, and biomedical engineering. However, Elmas's engineering approach has the potential to contribute to the medical field, including dentistry, indirectly through biomedical and health technologies: Biomedical Approach: Treating the human body as a "bio-machine," Elmas develops theories on the natural vibration frequencies of organs and tissues. This "bio-robotic resonance" theory can inspire the design of next-generation devices for tissue healing or disease diagnosis at a theoretical level. Medical Device Modeling: His expertise in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics is used in the design and simulation of medical devices (e.g., hemodialysis machines or drug delivery algorithms). The mechanical strength of surgical instruments used in dentistry or the thermal effects of dental lasers are engineering problems that fall within Elmas's area of ​​expertise. Interdisciplinary Technologies: He has studies on machine learning and artificial intelligence-supported diagnostic systems. These technologies are increasingly used in the field of endodontics today, such as caries detection and root canal anatomy analysis. In summary, Emin Taner Elmas is not a dentist, therefore he does not develop clinical endodontic procedures. However, his work applying engineering principles to the biomedical field has the potential to contribute to the scientific infrastructure of future dental technologies (device design, diagnostic algorithms, etc.). The "Bio-robotic Resonance and Thermodynamic Inter…
creator: Emin Taner ELMAS
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-27
publication date: 2026-04-27
starting page: 109
ending page: 122

Cyclic Fatigue of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments in Single Curvature Canals
type: item
description: Aim: the aim of current research was to evaluate and compare cyclic rotations required to fracture different rotary nickel titanium (NiTi) endodontic files in single curvature canals. Methods: Four different NiTi rotary instruments were selected for the present study: F6 SkyTaper, EndoSequence ESR, Endosequence CM, and Ordeka plex-v file of ISO 25, 0.06 instrument taper and 25 mm instrument length. All files were subjected to cyclic fatigue test inside custom-made simulated canals with 60° curvature. Time required to fracture rotary files (in seconds) while being rotated in a steel block canal was determined to calculate cyclic fatigue. Data was statistically evaluated ANOVA test at 5% level of significance. Results: EndoSequence ESR instrument reported the highest cyclic fatigue resistance among all other tested rotary instruments. Endosequence CM expressed the lowest fatigue resistance. One-way ANOVA test expressed a statistically significant difference between all four groups regarding number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and non-statical significant difference relating to length of fracture segment (FL). Conclusion: EndoSequence ESR and Ordeka plex-v files demonstrated dominance over Endosequence CM and F6 SkyTaper files in cyclic fatigue resistance.
creator: Ameer Adnan Altabatabiee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 123
ending page: 130

Suboptimal Antenatal Care in Resource – limited Settings and Quality Improvement Strategies as Perceived by midwives in Awka – South LGA in Anambra State Nigeria.
type: item
description: Identifying the opportunities for quality improvement is essential to maximize the impact of midwife – led antenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine suboptimal antenatal care and the quality improvement strategies as perceived by midwives in resource – limited settings in Awka – south Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra state, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to; determine areas of suboptimal antenatal care in resource – limited settings, in Awka –south LGA, Anambra state, Nigeria, and the areas of quality improvement as perceived by midwives. The design for the study was cross – sectional research. It was a facility study which constituted 31Primary Health Centres, 1 Secondary Health Facility, 1 Tertiary Health Facility, plus 112 midwives and 165 pregnant women. Multistage sampling technique was used for the study. Two (2) Questionnaires and one (1) Checklist were adopted for data collection in the study. Data generated from the study were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested at significant level of 0.05. The result indicated resource adequacy in the secondary and tertiary health facilities (100% and 63.1% respectively) and inadequacy in primary health facilities (38.7%). Across all the health facility levels, 75% of service delivery practices among midwives during antenatal care of pregnant women were rated as poor while 25% were categorized as good. Secondary health facility lacked presence of midwives officially on call at all times. The quality of antenatal care provided by midwives had significant association with ANC Screening training update, p – value 0.02. Antenatal care provided by midwives in resource – limited settings did not significantly differ from areas of sub –optimal antenatal care, overall p – value 0.40. Antenatal care provided by midwives had no significant association with the perceived quality improvement strategies, over all p – value 0.42. Conclusively, the study revealed …
creator: Uchenna Joy Okoli
creator: Nkechi Edith Chiejina
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 131
ending page: 153

Comparative Evaluation of Minimally Invasive and Conventional Access on The Biofilm Elimination of Enterococcus Faecalis From the Root Canal System
type: item
description: Background: The access cavity is a fundamental step in endodontic treatment. Traditionally, it is performed by completely removing the pulp chamber and all its contents. Recently, the introduction of technologies such as the operating microscope, ultrasound, and Ni-Ti instrumentation systems has allowed this phase to be performed conservatively through minimal invasive access. However, further evidence is needed to determine whether these techniques allow complete elimination of microorganisms within the root canal system. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of minimally invasive access (MIA) compared with conventional access (CA) on the disinfection and elimination of biofilm Enterococcus faecalis in root canal therapy. Methods: Forty-four first molars were selected and randomly divided in groups: MIA and CA (n= 15 each), positive control (n= 8), negative control (n= 6). After access cavity, the root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis for 30 days. Bacterial sampling was performed with sterile paper points before (S1) and after (S2) instrumentation with the TruNatomy system to quantify the bacterial load. Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for bacterial reduction assessment and elimination of biofilm. Statistical comparisons were conducted using Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test, with significance set at 5%. Results: Significant reductions in E. faecalis were observed in all groups, regardless of cavity design. However, the lowest bacterial reduction was found in the MIA group, while the CA group achieved the highest reduction. Conclusions: Conventional access resulted in significantly better disinfection compared with minimally invasive access. These findings suggest that the design of the access cavity influences bacterial load reduction and biofilm elimination within root canals.
creator: Verónica Méndez-González
creator: Eladio Robledo
creator: Alejandro López Aldrete
creator: Erika Romero-Rodríguez
creator: Mariana Gutiérrez-Sánchez
creator: Karla Navarrete-Olvera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 154
ending page: 164

Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) Healing in Post-Bypass Surgery Recovery with Complications of Epiglottis Flap Dysfunction and Infected Vein-Harvest Wound: A Case Report
type: item
description: Background: Post-bypass surgery complications such as epiglottis flap dysfunction and infected vein-harvest wounds severely impair recovery, especially in elderly patients. Conventional rehabilitation often struggles to address multidimensional recovery needs. Integrative approaches like Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) healing may offer complementary benefits. Case Presentation: A 73-year-old male with hypertension, prior cardiac stenting (2018), brain tumor (2022), paralysis (2023), and recent bypass surgery (January 2026) developed severe complications: epiglottis dysfunction causing loss of speech and feeding tube dependence, pus formation in the leg wound from vein harvesting, immobility, and depression. YPV healing was initiated on 10 February 2026, using protocols such as soaking, cleansing & energising, psychotherapy, blood strengthening, internal organ healing, and group blessings. Sessions were conducted twice daily for 30 minutes over 30 days. Results: Speech clarity improved within 48 hours. Oral feeding resumed by day 10, and the feeding tube was removed by day 20. The infected leg wound showed progressive healing, with reduced pus and improved strength. By day 15, the patient began assisted walking, and by day 24, walker-supported ambulation was possible. Psychological well-being improved, with reduced depression and increased positivity. Conclusion: YPV healing facilitated rapid recovery in swallowing, speech, wound healing, mobility, and emotional health. This case highlights the potential of integrative energy healing in complex post-surgical recovery. Further research with controlled studies is recommended.
creator: Kavita Pandey
creator: Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 165
ending page: 171

Contact Angle Measurement and Wettability of TiO2 and ZrO2 Nano Composite Coated on cpTi
type: item
description: Background: Dental implants have become one of the most reliable treatment options for replacing missing teeth due to their high success rates and long-term stability. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as an implant material because of its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and its ability to achieve osseointegration with the surrounding bone. However, the biological performance of titanium implants is greatly influenced by surface characteristics such as surface roughness, surface energy, and wettability, which play an important role in protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and bone healing. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a TiO2- ZrO2 nano-composite coating on the wettability of commercially pure titanium surfaces by measuring the contact angle. Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium discs were prepared and divided into two groups: a control group with uncoated titanium surfaces and an experimental group coated with TiO2- ZrO2 nano- composite. Surface wettability was evaluated using contact angle measurement by placing a droplet of distilled water on the surface and recording the angle using a goniometer. Results: The coated titanium surfaces showed a lower contact angle compared with the uncoated surfaces, indicating improved wettability and a more hydrophilic surface. Conclusion: TiO2- ZrO2 nano-composite coating enhances the wettability of titanium surfaces by reducing the contact angle, which may improve protein adsorption, cell attachment, and potentially enhance the osseointegration of dental implants.
creator: Rawaa Zaher Hassan Zwain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 172
ending page: 178

The Biochemistry, Physiological Actions and Clinical Importance of Dopamine: A Review
type: item
description: Dopamine (DA) have been an essential catecholamine neurotransmitter that mediates many biochemical, physiological and pathological functions. This review summarizes what we currently know about the biochemistry, physiology and clinical significance of dopamine, with special emphasis placed on new insights. Dopamine is synthesized from tyrosine via a two-step enzymatic conversion catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase first followed by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. Its life-cycle—vesicular storage, exocytosis, reuptake and degradation though monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase—is under precise control. As a neurophysiological neurotransmitter, dopamine have been essential for controlling movement, processes of thought, reward pathways and hormonal balance through different neural circuits and specific receptor subtype. It also plays a role in cardiovascular, renal, and immune system function outside the brain. Clinically, weakened dopaminergic signaling has been related with many disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia depression and ADHD; therefore it is a target of drug development. These recent advances are substantially enhancing our knowledge towards dopamine contributions to disease, especially its involvement in immune regulation and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the complete organizational complexity of dopaminergic networks and their cross-biological system interactions remain incompletely characterized, a challenge that survives even decades of research. Dopamine is, in conclusion, integrator of many physiological system and further studies on dopamine will lead to new treatment strategies with improved effectiveness and specificity (even on many different disease).
creator: Zainab Abdul Abbas Nasser
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-29
publication date: 2026-04-29
starting page: 179
ending page: 185