Apically Extruded Debris Following Root Canal Instrumentation Using Three File Systems: A Comparative In-Vitro Study
Keywords:
Apical extruded debris, EdgeFile X7, 2-Shape, WaveOne Gold, Reciprocation, RotationAbstract
Background: Apically extruded debris induced during root canal instrumentation is of clinical importance associated with postoperative pain and flare-ups. Different file systems with different kinematics and designs may influence the amount of extruded debris.
Objective: This in-vitro study aimed to assess and compare the quantity of apically extruded debris after root canal instrumentation by three different endodontic file systems: EdgeFile X7, 2-Shape, and WaveOne Gold.
Methods: A total of thirty single-rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were collected and randomly allocated into three groups (n = 10). Group A was instrumented with the EdgeFile X7 rotary system, Group B with the 2-Shape rotary system, and Group C with the WaveOne Gold reciprocating system. Debris were collected in known-weighted glass vials following the Myers and Montgomery method. After instrumentation, the vials were dried at 68°C in an incubator for five days. The dry debris weight was calculated using a high-precision digital balance. Statistical analysis for the collected data was performed with one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s post-hoc tests (p < 0.05).
Results: All file systems resulted in extrusion of apical debris. The WaveOne Gold system led to significantly higher mean amount of debris comparing with the other two systems (p < 0.05). The EdgeFile X7 system induced the lowest mean amount of debris, followed by the 2-Shape system, with no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Within this study's limitations, file systems with rotation motion (EdgeFile X7 and 2-Shape) were related to less extrusion of apical debris comparable to the reciprocating system (WaveOne Gold). The file design and motion kinematics were significantly related to amount of debris extruded beyond the apical foramen.
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