Contact Angle Measurement and Wettability of TiO2 and ZrO2 Nano Composite Coated on cpTi
Keywords:
Contact Angle, TiO2- ZrO2 Nano- Composite, cpTiAbstract
Background: Dental implants have become one of the most reliable treatment options for replacing missing teeth due to their high success rates and long-term stability. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) is widely used as an implant material because of its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and its ability to achieve osseointegration with the surrounding bone. However, the biological performance of titanium implants is greatly influenced by surface characteristics such as surface roughness, surface energy, and wettability, which play an important role in protein adsorption, cell adhesion, and bone healing. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a TiO2- ZrO2 nano-composite coating on the wettability of commercially pure titanium surfaces by measuring the contact angle. Materials and Methods: Commercially pure titanium discs were prepared and divided into two groups: a control group with uncoated titanium surfaces and an experimental group coated with TiO2- ZrO2 nano- composite. Surface wettability was evaluated using contact angle measurement by placing a droplet of distilled water on the surface and recording the angle using a goniometer. Results: The coated titanium surfaces showed a lower contact angle compared with the uncoated surfaces, indicating improved wettability and a more hydrophilic surface. Conclusion: TiO2- ZrO2 nano-composite coating enhances the wettability of titanium surfaces by reducing the contact angle, which may improve protein adsorption, cell attachment, and potentially enhance the osseointegration of dental implants.
References
Boccaccini, A. R., Keim, S., Ma, R., Li, Y., & Zhitomirsky, I. (2010). Electrophoretic deposition of biomaterials. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7(Suppl 5), S581–S613. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0156.focus
Boyan, B. D., Cheng, A., Olivares-Navarrete, R., & Schwartz, Z. (2016). Implant surface design regulates mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and maturation. Advances in Dental Research, 28(1), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515624447
Buser, D., Broggini, N., Wieland, M., Schenk, R. K., Denzer, A. J., Cochran, D. L., Hoffmann, B., Lussi, A., & Steinemann, S. G. (2004). Enhanced bone apposition to a chemically modified SLA titanium surface. Journal of Dental Research, 83(7), 529–533. https://doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300704
Dahiya, V., Shukla, P., & Gupta, S. (2014). Surface topography of dental implants: A review. Journal of Dental Implants, 4(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-6781.140886
Diebold, U. (2003). The surface science of titanium dioxide. Surface Science Reports, 48(5–8), 53–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5729(02)00100-0
Han, W., Fang, S., Zhong, Q., & Qi, S. (2022). Influence of dental implant surface modifications on osseointegration and biofilm attachment. Coatings, 12(11), 1654. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111654
Hisbergues, M., Vendeville, S., & Vendeville, P. (2009). Zirconia: Established facts and perspectives for a biomaterial in dental implantology. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 88B(2), 519–529. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.31147
Khalil, M. I., & Sakr, H. (2023). Implant surface topography following different laser treatments: An in vitro study. Cureus, 15(6), e38731. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38731
Lavenus, S., Louarn, G., & Layrolle, P. (2011). Nanotechnology and dental implants. International Journal of Biomaterials, 2010, 915327. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/915327
Le Guéhennec, L., Soueidan, A., Layrolle, P., & Amouriq, Y. (2007). Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dental Materials, 23(7), 844–854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2006.06.025
Matos, G. R. (2021). Surface roughness of dental implant and osseointegration. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 20(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-020-01437-5
Prasanth, B. S. K., Dhanasekaran, A. S., Renuka, T., et al. (2024). Biomaterials used to enhance bone healing in implant dentistry: A review from the past to current. Advances in Human Biology, 14(3), 290–295.
Rupp, F., Liang, L., Geis-Gerstorfer, J., Scheideler, L., & Hüttig, F. (2014). Surface characteristics of dental implants: A review. Dental Materials, 30(3), 334–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.09.007
Shaik, K. V., Albilasi, R. M., Arqoub Albalawi, B. F., Alruwaili, F. A., & Sanaka, S. R. (2021). Comparison of immediate and delayed loading of dental implants in mandibular posterior teeth: Clinical observations and review. Advances in Human Biology, 11(Supplement), S64–S68.
Zhao, G., Schwartz, Z., Wieland, M., Rupp, F., Geis-Gerstorfer, J., Cochran, D. L., & Boyan, B. D. (2005). High surface energy enhances cell response to titanium substrate microstructure. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 74A(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.30320
