Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Review Article
Keywords:
Pathogenicity, Antimicrobial Resistance, Mycobacterium tuberculosisAbstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) induced tuberculosis (TB), is a severe public health problem world widely because of its intricate pathobiology and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Mtb possess a repertoire of virulence factors that can enable it to remain alive within cells, escape the immune system to form granulomas (multi-cellular aggregates), establish latency, and reactivate disease, which complicates the control and elimination of this disease. Concurrently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB has made conventional antimicrobial therapy dramatically less effective, with prolonged treatment durations and worse clinical outcomes. Resistance arises through chromosomal mutations, efflux pump-- mediated resistance, and by phenotypic drug tolerance as well as due to limited penetration of drugs across the hydrophobic mycobacterial cell wall. Advances in molecular diagnostics, whole genome surveillance and development of new therapies such as a few host-directed therapies and also the experimental anti-virulence strategies have lead to an improved understanding about TB pathogenesis and resistance dynamics too. This review highlights the emerging disease-causing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and offers an overview of currently growing sources of antimicrobial resistance and treatment management issues, seeking to steer possible future direction for TB control and management.
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