The Biochemistry, Functions, And Clinical Importance of Osteopontin: A Review
Keywords:
Osteopontin, Bone Mineralization, Wound Healing, Host DefenseAbstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a pleiotropic matricellular glycoprotein, has been recognized as an important molecule at the crossroads between biochemistry and mechanisms of disease. Structurally complex, many isoforms and extensive post-translational modification (PTM), OPN serves as a modulator of cell adhesion, mobility, immune signalling and the extracellular matrix. These properties permit it to be involved in physiologic functions like bone mineralization, wound repair, and host defense. Nevertheless, abnormal OPN expression or dysregulation causes chronic inflammation, fibrosis, cardiac remodeling and metabolic disorders as well as cancer development. The higher systemic and tissue levels of OPN have been proven to be potential biomarkers associated with the severity and prognosis in different clinical setting, however bioassay variation and context-dependent functions remain controversial. Interest for OPN goes beyond diagnostics: clinical trials targeting it with emphasis on selectively inhibiting its isoforms and signal transduction pathways are currently being conducted. The objective of this review is to discuss the biochemistry, etiological roles, and clinical relevance based on current understanding of OPN and its translational application in contemporary medicine.
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